- An experiment that has two or more groups of subjects each being tested by a different testing factor simultaneously. This design is usually used in place of, or in some cases in conjunction with, the within-subjects design, which applies the same variations of conditions to each subject to observe the reactions. The simplest between-groups design occurs with two groups; a treatment group, which receives the “special” treatment (that is, it is treated with some variable), and a control group, which receives no variable treatment and is used as a reference (to prove that any deviation in results from the treatment group is, indeed, a direct result of the variable). ← Wikipedia
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