• HTML markup that uses elements or attributes primarily for visual styling purposes rather than semantic meaning, mixing content structure with presentation concerns. Unlike utility CSS, which uses presentational class names, this includes using deprecated elements like <font> or <center> for styling, employing tables for layout instead of data presentation, or adding HTML elements solely to achieve visual effects rather than conveying document structure or meaning. Presentational HTML violates the principle of separation of concerns and is generally discouraged in favor of semantic HTML paired with CSS for styling, as it degrades conformance, maintainability, and flexibility.

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